Environmental Input-Output Analysis: Application to Portugal

نویسندگان

  • Marta Alexandra Sousa
  • Paulo Manuel Cadete Ferrão
چکیده

i Resumo A crescente consciência ambiental demonstrada pelos cidadãos Europeus no que respeita à qualidade do meio ambiente e a determinação da Comissão Europeia em desenvolver políticas A crescente consciência ambiental demonstrada pelos cidadãos europeus no que respeita à qualidade do meio ambiente e a determinação da Comissão Europeia em desenvolver políticas ambientais credíveis e eficazes, incentiva o uso de novas metodologias de avaliação dos impactes ambientais que decorram, em particular, das actividades económicas. Esta tese contribui para este objectivo, sendo analisada a extensão dos quadros input-output das Contas Nacionais, de forma a incluir impactes ambientais. O uso de tabelas input-output permite utilizar dados publicados por entidades oficiais, sendo, desta forma, um método pouco oneroso e fidedigno. O uso destes modelos é muito vantajoso na medida em que permite ter em conta toda a cadeia de valor (incluindo fornecedores indirectos), permitindo incluir a totalidade de inputs para um processo, evitando deste modo recorrer a fronteiras arbitrárias, nem sempre as mais indicadas para a análise que se pretende, permitindo desta forma uma análise mais precisa e detalhada. Nos anos mais recentes a análise input-output, outrora realizada somente para fins de análise o qual foi denominado Economic Input Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA). Esta abordagem permite estimar as emissões ambientais associadas com a variação da procura Abstract The growing environmental awareness of the European citizens and the European Commission commitment in developing wider policies on environment require new methodologies for assessing the environmental impacts of the economic activities. This thesis contributes to this purpose, by extending the well-established input-output analysis based on the National Accounting System to include environmental impacts and provides the application of this method to Portugal. The Environmental Input-Output methodology is used to estimate greenhouse gas emissions in Portugal based on a publicly available forecast for the growth of different Portuguese economic sectors. The results obtained for 2010 clearly demonstrate that if no policy action is taken, Portugal will largely surpass the emission target of 27% increase, comparatively to the 1990's levels, agreed in Kyoto. Effective policy measures to be taken in the short range to revert this tendency are discussed in this thesis. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to thank the Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research (IN+) for providing me with fund and all the facilities to carry out this Master thesis, and particularly to Prof. Manuel Heitor for inviting me to work at …

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تاریخ انتشار 2001